A

　　A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p. m.

　　local time on March 11th, 2011. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.

　　There are over 4,000 Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度测量仪) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.

　　Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most well­prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”

　　He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years.

　　And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.

　　The 9.0­magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.

　　It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

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