可用动名词,也可用不定式作宾语,但意义区别不大的动词如下: afford(负担得起),agree(同意),decide(决定),determine(决定),expect(期望),hope(希望),manage(设法),refuse(拒绝),want(想),wish(希望),offer(提供),pretend(假装),promise(许诺),choose(选择),fail(失败),long(渴望)等。 begin(开始),continue(继续),like(喜欢),love(喜爱),prefer(宁愿),start(开始),hate(讨厌)等。下列动词(短语)后接动名词或不定式时,意义差别较大。
功 能 动词ing 动词ed 表语 动词的ing形式作表语时,表示主语的内容和具有的特征。 His hobby is collecting stamps. The problem is quite puzzling. 动词ed形式在连系动词后作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思。 All the doors are locked. (ed形式作表语,表示状态) The cup is broken. 定语 falling leaves正在下落的树叶,developing countries发展中国家 She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.=She went on board the train,which was leaving for Shanghai. There are two roads before us:one leading to the beach,the other to the park. =There are two roads before us:one which leads to the beach,the other to the park. 动词ed(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。 fallen leaves落叶,developed countries 发达的国家 The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world. “Things lost never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself. 功能 动词ing 动词ed 动词不定式 宾补 动词的ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行或反复重复及持续。 He saw a girl getting on the car. (She was getting on the car.) 动词ed形式作宾语补足语表被动和完成。 Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop.(表被动) 不定式作宾语补足语表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. (She got on the car and drove off.) 状语 动词ing表主动或进行,可作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等状语。 Seeing from the top of
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