1. Language and Culture

　　In the past thirty to forty years, many linguists have devoted themselves to the study of language and culture, and put forward their own opinions from different perspectives. Culture is such a complicated thing that no one can simply draw a conclusion of the issue, especially when it comes to its relationship with language. But it is no doubt that the relationship between language and culture is inseparable.

　　1.1 Definitions of Culture

　　The definition of culture differs in different field of subjects. Roughly calculated, there are more than 250 definitions according to Qi (戚雨村,1994:13). The author lists some authority definitions of culture as follows:

　　The first profound scientific concept of culture was put forward in print by Sir Edward Burnet Tylor in 1871 (cited in 陈申, 1999) who believed culture is “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” Tylor’s definition is wide enough that includes almost everything men have made.

　　Porter and Samovar’s definition has been widely cited in many research papers and books. They (2000:8) say:

　　Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.

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