On February 11, 1990, South African president F．W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison, and the two worked together to end apartheid. Three years later, they won the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.

　　In 1994, nonwhites were first allowed to vote in elections. Mandela was elected president by an overwhelming majority. Mandela stepped down as president in 1999. That same year, he created the Nelson Mandela's Children Fund, a charity that helps poor South African children. “Children are the wealth of our country，” he said.

　　Over the years, Mandela continued working to promote peace around the world. In 2007, he helped found The Elders, an organization of world leaders committed to ending conflicts and promoting human rights. “When you want to get a herd to move in a certain direction，” he said, “you stand at the back with a stick. Then a few of the more energetic cattle move to the front and the rest of the cattle follow. You are really guiding them from behind. That is how a leader should do his work.”

　　4. When Mandela was young, he ________.

　　A. struggled for the equal rights of nonwhites

　　B. was trained to become a clan chief

　　C. became the country's first lawyer

　　D. was brought up in Johannesburg

　　5. To fright against apartheid, Mandela called on people ________.

　　A. not to do business with the whites

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