[2017•北京卷]

　　Choosing the right resolution(决定) Millions of Americans began 2017 with the same resolution they started 2017

　　with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight lose as a goal is a mistake. 返回目录 专题二十五　科普知识型阅读理解 真 题 典 例

　　To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input(输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution：“I'll stop having dessert for lunch，” or “I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well­specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. 返回目录 专题二十五　科普知识型阅读理解 真 题 典 例

　　Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.

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