7．However　8.extremely　9.by　10.at

　　Ⅱ.单词拼写

　　1．This was a more p________and simplified version of the astrolabe.

　　2．So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were o________and in the open sea.

　　3．This seems to have been the first and most useful form of e________which carried the minimum amount of risk.

　　4．Can you help me u________the files?

　　5．It was the first i________to measure the sun's position.

　　6．It was easier to handle because it was more p________.

　　7．However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of r________was the moving ship itself.

　　8．On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun o________at midday to navigate by.

　　9．So the Vikings would observe the winds before and during their o________or return journeys.

　　10．Seamen used it to help i________the position of a stream or river when they were close to land.

　　答案　1.precise　2.offshore　3.exploration　4.update　5.instrument　6.portable　7.reference　8.overhead

　　9．outward　10.identify

　　Ⅲ.翻译与仿写

　　1．The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.

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