As to how much walking would help prevent cognitive decline，the researchers suggested that walking about six miles，or 9.6 km，per week appears to protect the brain against shrinking in old age.

　　The researchers said the relationship between walking and gray matter volume appears to apply only to people who regularly walk relatively long distances.

　　The more someone walks，the more gray matter tissue the person will have a decade or more down the road in regions of the brain，namely the hippocampus，the inferior frontal gyrus and the supplementary motor area，that are central to cognition.

　　And among the more physically active participants who had retained more gray matter a decade out，the chances of developing cognitive impairment were cut in half，the study said.

　　【语篇解读】 老年人进行适当、有规律的散步能减少认知能力下降的可能性。

　　1．When did the old people tested in the research begin to show difference in cognitive decline?

　　A．When they were 78 years old.

　　B．When they were 87 years old.

　　C．Between the year 1989 and 1998.

　　D．Between the year 1998 and 2002.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。从文中第三段可知，实验于1989年开始，在9＋4年之后，测试结果显示实验对象在认知能力上已经存在差异。]

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