课时作业27　Poems

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Sensing phantom phone vibrations(手机虚幻震动) is a strangely common experience. Around 80% of us have imagined a phone vibrating in our pockets when it's actually completely still. Almost 30% of us have also heard non­existent ringing. Are these signs of madness caused by digital culture? Not at all. In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology.

　　Psychologists use a concept called Signal Detection Theory to guide their thinking about the problem of perceptual(感知的) judgments. Working through the example of phone vibrations, we can see how this theory explains why they are a common and unavoidable part of healthy mental function.

　　When your phone is in your pocket, the world is in one of two possible states the phone is either ringing or not. You also have two possible states of mind the judgment that the phone is ringing, or the judgment that it isn't. Obviously you'd like to match these states in the correct way. True vibrations should go with “it's ringing”， and no vibrations should go with “it's_not_ringing”. Singal detection theory calls these faithful matches a “hit” and a “correct rejection”．

　　But there are two other possible combinations you could mismatch true vibrations with “it's not ringing”(a “miss”); or mismatch the absence of vibrations with “it's ringing”(a “false alarm”). This second kind of mismatch is what's going on when you imagine a phantom phone vibration.

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