B

　　More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use biomass fuels like wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health problems and death.

　　The Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cooking stoves for the developing world. People having less money use wood or biomass for cooking;

　　the richer people use oil and gas. It's been estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas.

　　The group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. Most of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. They have an opening at the bottom for the fire and a place on top to put a pot.

　　In the late nineteen seventies, Aprovecho produced a popular stove called the Lorena. The Lorena was very good at reducing smoke and warming homes. But new tests years later found that it was not very efficient. The Lorena used twice as much wood as an open fire, and took much longer to heat food. Since then, they have experimented with countless other designs.

　　Their goal is to make a very inexpensive stove－let's say five dollars－that makes very, very little smoke, so it's safe for health and global warming and deforestation(采伐森林).

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