What causes fashions to change？Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.Take hats for example—in cold climates，early buildings were cold inside，so people wore hats indoors as well as outside.In recent times, President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.

　　There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion.In the 1920s in Europe and America，short skirts became fashionable.After World War ，they dropped to ankle length.Then they got shorter and shorter and the miniskirt was in fashion.After a few more years，skirts became longer again.

　　Today，society is much freer and easier than it used to be.It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else.Within reason，you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.

　　1．What do the fashion magazines or TV advertisements claim to bring us？(No more than 2 words)

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　　2．Why does the writer take President Kennedy as an example？(No more than 14 words)

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