“What we found is that three of the species did have lower abundances in locations that were noisier,” Proppe explained. “This could be down to the fact that those lower frequencies could be overlapped (叠盖住) by the dominant frequencies of road noise, resulting in a masking of communication between birds.”

　　Birdsongs and how female birds accept them are critical when they select male birds as mates. Proppe suggested that females may consider songs abnormal if they cannot hear their lower frequencies and, over a period of time, this could have a potential impact on the population of the species. If adults are not pairing and mating then the number of offspring could decrease as a result.

　　12. What does the underlined word “masked” mean in Paragraph 2?

　　A. Hid.

　　B. Destroyed.

　　C. Influenced.

　　D. Made bigger.

　　13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

　　A. The seven species the researchers focused on were chosen casually.

　　B. Noise affects female songbirds’ decisions about whom they choose as mates.

　　C. The species in noisy places have lower abundances because their health suffers.

　　D. Noise levels never change the way that songbirds communicate with each other in Edmonton.

　　14. Which of the following is the best title for the article?

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