In the sense of shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do.

　　1. The purpose of the passage is　.

　　A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious today

　　B. to imply women are laid off more than men

　　C. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”

　　D. to tell the present economic situations

　　2. According to the text, underemployment means　.

　　A. the same meaning as the word—unemployed

　　B. employees are not fully taken charged of

　　C. qualified workers get a low salary

　　D. people who do manual work for wages

　　3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, 　.

　　A. the underpaid workers are included

　　B. it implies the people who are jobless

　　C. the part-time employees are included

　　D. it shows the employment situation of a country

　　4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph?

　　A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries.

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