【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件语法专练五特殊句式_高考复习指南

【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件语法专练五特殊句式

　　Twenty years is a long time in one’s life. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。

　　Forty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜走了40英里。 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 两万美元不是一笔小数目。 2.分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们所表示的意义。如: About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部分的麦类作物被洪水毁掉了。 Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的活。 About 20 percent of the students are absent today. 今天有大约20%的学生缺席。 3.有“kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。如: This new type of buses is now on show. 这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。

　　Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. 会上讨论了一些新的艺术形式。 4.由a number of(许多),a variety of(各种各样的)和a group of(一群,一组)修饰的名词作主语时,谓语常用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和 the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时,谓语常用单数形式。如:

　　A number of students are from the south. 不少学生来自南方。 The number of students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。 The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店里货物的品种多得惊人。 5.如果主语由“many a/more than one+单数名词”构成,那么,谓语动词用单数形式。如: More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。 6.a quantity of后既可接复数名词,亦可接不可数名词。如果a quantity of后接不可数名词,则谓语用单数形式;如果接复数名词,则谓语通常要采用复数形式。quantities of后接复数名词或不可数名词,其谓语动词都用复数形式。如: With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.(=With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.) 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的泥土被冲刷走了。 There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下少量的水。 A large quantity of books are on sale now. 大量图书现在正在热销。 Great quantities of fish were caught that day. 那天抓了很多鱼。 (✕)Only after the war learned he the sad news. (√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 直到战后他才得知那个悲惨的消息。 (2)only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装。如: (✕)Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 直到他回来,我们才查明了真相。 (3)only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如: (✕)Only can he answer the question. (√)Only he can answer the question. 只有他能回答这个问题。 2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。如: Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a mov- ing film before. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。 3.六个重要的固定句型: (1)...so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语“……也是如此”。 They love having lots of friends;so do I. 他们喜欢交很多朋友,我也是如此。使用特点: ①此句型也可写成“it is the same with...”,或“so it is with...”。如: They love having lots of friends;it is the same with me/so it is with me. ②如果句意不是“……也是如此”,而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装。试比较: A:I was afraid.(句中的 I 指的是A) B:So was I.(I 指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid,too.) A:我害怕。 B:我也是。 A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A) B:So you were.(you 指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.) A:我害怕。 B:你就是这样。再比较几个句子: A:It is hot.　A:天很热。 B:So it is. B:的确如此。 A:He is lazy.A:他很懒惰。 B:So is she.B:她也一样。 (2)...neither(或nor)+be/助动词/情态动词+主语,“……也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle;neither(或nor)can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。使用特点: ①此句型也可写成“it is the same with...”,或“so it is with...”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle;it is the same with Lucy/so it is with Lucy. ②此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so...not 替代,但可用not...either 改写。如: (✕)I have never been abroad.So hasn’t he. (√)I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he. (√)I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either. 我没出过国。他也没有。 (3)So+adj./adv....that...“如此……以至于……”。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。使用特点: 在这个句型中,so后面的句子要倒装,而that 引导的句子不倒装。 (4)Neither...,nor...“……不……,……也不……”。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事,也不关心。由于neither 和nor 都是否定词,所以它们后面的分句均需倒装。 (5)Not only...,but also...“不仅……而且……”。 Not only does he like English,but also he learns it well.他不仅喜欢英语,而且学得好。使用特点: 此句型也可写成 Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well 的形式,但but(al- so)引导的句子必须用正常语序。 (6)Not until...“直到……才……”。 Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。使用特点: ①这句话可以改写成:We didn’t have supper until he returned.再如: Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. =He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning. 直到凌晨4点他才睡着。 ②如果 not until 引导的是句子,until 从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒装。三、形式倒装(Formal Inversion) 形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是,只把强调的内容提至句首, 主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多,但有几个重要的句型需要特别注意: 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! 他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀! How interesting their talk is! 他们的谈话多么有趣呀! 使用特点: 对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what 引导;对形容词或副词感叹时,用how 引导。 2.the+形容词/副词比较级...,the+形容词/副词比较级...句型 The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes. 你听英语听得越多,它就变得越简单。 The harder you work,the greater progress you will make. 你越努力,取得的进步就越大。此句型中的前半句相当于一个条件状语从句;后半句相当于一个主句。所以,上面第二个例句的意思实质上就是:If you work harder,you will make greater progress. 3.whatever,however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise. 无论你有什么理由,你都应当遵守诺言。 However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening. 无论这个问题会有多难,今晚我们必须解决。使用特点: whatever 后面常接名词;用however时常构成以下形式: However+形容词/副词+主语+... 4.as,though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装形式的情况 (1)表语的倒装 Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work. 尽管很累,他还是继续工作。