Such flexibility is necessary, given the fact that China has the largest population in the world and one of the major engines for the global economy. People are now predicting further loosening as a higher birth rate is needed to offset the too low birth rate of the past and the rapid aging of society, which are putting pressure on economic growth and social progress.

　　Economists see the drop in the working-age population by 3.45 million in 2017 as strong evidence of the need for a much higher birth rate to avoid an economic crisis caused by a lack of labor. Sociologists consider the fertility (繁殖力) rate of 1.18 in 2017 as a sign of society being lacking in energy, and warn that the rapid increase of senior citizens will prevent the dynamics of both economic and social progress.

　　These concerns must have been taken into consideration during the process of making the decision. However, as a country with a population of more than 1.3 billion, China can never set aside concerns about the negative effects a population explosion would have on its economic and social development.

　　What we need now are reasonable expectations for the country’s demographic growth. It was expected that under the previous family planning policies, the country’s population would grow to 1.5 billion and then gradually drop. If this is still the possibility we hope to realize, further study is needed to figure out how we should adjust the policies so that the decline in population will not be so sharp that it deals a heavy blow to the overall development of the country.

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