4. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　推理判断题。作者在所提出的第二条建议中强调要勇于承认错误。

　　Glaciers in the Alps of Europe pose a scientific mystery. In a span of about 50 years, some of the biggest glaciers had retreated(后退) more than half a mile. But nobody could explain the glaciers’ rapid decline.

　　If you look back through the 1600s and 1700s, the glaciers were big and quite stable, says Tom Painter. That’s probably because Europe was in a prolonged cold spell, known as the Little Ice Age. “And then around 1860, the glaciers all started to retreat(退回) to lengths that they had not in the previous few hundred years,” he says.

　　To some historians that retreat marks the end of the Little Ice Age. But there’s a problem: Europe didn’t actually heat up until the 1910s and 1920s. So why could the glaciers have started to melt?

　　揑t struck me that industrialization was starting then,?Painter says. 揥e have these visions from Charles Dickens and others of that time ?the mid-1800s ?of a huge amount of soot(idn’t煤烟) being released out into the atmosphere. Soot from the Industrial Revolution might have heated up the ice.”

　　He found a record of soot from ice samples higher up in the mountains. “What this tells us is that there was a human influence,” he says.

　　The idea about soot could also explain why the glaciers in the Alps started to melt early. Industrial pollution from Europe wasn’t blowing onto Iceland or Norway, which remained cold and frosty, says Gifford Miller.

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