Costas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most well­prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”

　　He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.

　　The 9.0­magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

　　Costas Synolakis says Japan?s concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.

　　Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.

　　1. From the second paragraph we can infer that________.

　　A. Japan is an island country

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