4．C　根据上文Young children may not understand how peer pressure works, but they feel it when they're being excluded. 表示孩子开始遇到问题。下文应介绍应对方式，可知应选C项，句意为：一旦发现他们有担心的事情，不管有多渺小都要尽力去解决。

　　5．A　所填内容为段落主旨句。根据下文As much as they need us, they also need to work on taking small steps toward independence. 及全段内容可知选A项。句意为：要鼓励孩子学会独立。

　　Passage 8

　　(2017·北京第四十四中学期中)

　　How to Prepare a Lecture

　　Being invited to give a lecture is an honor. It means that people regard you as an authority on a given field, subject, or issue. It means you are worth listening to. __1__ You have to make sure your lecture is interesting, and full of wisdom, from which the audience can take valuable insights. This is why it is important for you to prepare your lecture well.

　　1. Think of a good topic.

　　You most likely will be assigned to talk about a certain topic. If that's the case, you only need to make an outline and do some research. But in some cases, you will have to think of your own topic. Although it gives you more freedom to do it, thinking of a topic can be tricky. __2__ Or pick a topic that is timely and socially relevant.

　　2. Make an outline for the lecture.

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