2．A　细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass­roots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知答案为A项。

　　3．D　推理判断题。由第三段和第四段可知，美国通过一系列有效措施，减少了污染，更好地保护了环境。故选D项。

　　4．A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“education programs”可推知，本段主要介绍了教育对于保护环境的重要性。故选A项。

　　Passage 8

　　(2017·重庆卷)

　　Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.

　　The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.

　　But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.

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