2．A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知A项正确。

　　3．C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知C项正确。

　　4．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the beginning or end of adolescence—when you grow up”知A项正确。

　　Passage 2

　　(2017·辽宁卷)

　　Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

　　UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the_opposite_is_true:_trees survive through their co­operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．

　　Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

　　Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

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