“到……，……已经成为……。”句中有by ＋ 过去时间状语(从句)时，谓语动词用过去完成时。

　　Ⅰ.同义转换

　　1.Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city!

　　Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and the city was buried alive，too.

　　2. I was too tired to eat anything we were given.

　　I was so tired that I couldn't eat anything that we were given.

　　3.That didn't prevent the city from being buried by sand.

　　That didn‘t

　　stop the city being buried by sand.　

　　4.The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.

　　The heat almost made me mad even if I was wearing very thin cotton trousers in order to keep me cool.

　　5.By 27 BC, Rome had become an empire, which controlled many parts of Europe.

　　By 27 BC, Rome had turned empire. The empire controlled many parts of Europe.

　　Ⅱ.汉译英

　　由于首都也已经被敌军占领，这个国家就要承认战败了。(with; admit loss of the war)

　　With the capital city taken over by the enemy, the country would soon admit loss of the war.

　　2. 随着经济的稳步增长，越来越多的就业岗位(job)也出现了。(with; create)

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