Zhang Yue, director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction, said, “Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions. They will not be easy to achieve.”

　　He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy.

　　Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure（基础设施）costs by 10,000 Yuan. Last year, Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.

　　“The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortages,” Chen said. “The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”

　　Shanghai lacks drinkable water. The Huangpu River, which supplies 80 percent of the city’s drinkable water, is nearing exhaustion.

　　The city, therefore, has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.

　　Besides penning regulations, the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.

　　At present, the city has 600，000 family toilets, each using 13 liters of water per flush. These are to be renovated（整修）to use only 9 liters of water per flush.

　　The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households – at a cost of 40 Yuan each.

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