你问我答 Compulsory, mandatory 与 compulsive 三个单词的区别

Play audio file 本期节目的问题 Hi, greeting from Lynn! Today I hope to find out about the differences between these three words – compulsory mandatory and compulsive. Thank you.

本期节目内容简介

在本期节目中，我们来具体分析讲解形容词 compulsory，mandatory 和 compulsive。单词 compulsory 和 mandatory 容易被混淆，它们的主要区别在于其出现的语境和与其它词组合的固定搭配。例如，compulsory education 义务教育和 mandatory sentence 法定判决。单词 compulsive 常用来形容难以抑制的冲动，比如，在你追一部电视剧时就可以用 compulsive viewing 来形容自己“必须看，看剧成瘾”的状态。更多举例分析，请大家跟随节目一起学习。

欢迎你加入并和我们一起讨论英语学习的方方面面。请通过微博 @BBC英语教学 或邮件与我们取得联系。邮箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk。

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Question

Hi, greetings from Lynn! Today I hope to find out about the differences between these three words – compulsory, mandatory and compulsive. Thank you.

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谢谢 Lynn 的来信。她提到了三个形容词 compulsory，mandatory 和 compulsive。我们先来看看 compulsory 和 mandatory 这两个词，它们都是正式用语，在多数情况下的意思和用法是一样的。比如，法律规定在车里必须系上安全带。这句话中我们可以用 compulsory 或者 mandatory。它们都有“必须的”意思。

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It’s mandatory to wear seat belts in cars.

It’s compulsory to wear seat belts in cars.

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这两句话的意思是完全一样的。不过 compulsory 和 mandatory 还是有一些细微的不同，它们主要的区别在于语境和与其它词的搭配。我们先来看看 compulsory，它的意思是“必须做的，有义务的”。请听例句。

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Swimming lessons are compulsory for all children at the school.

游泳课是学生的必修课。

It’s compulsory for all medical staff to wear a uniform at the hospital.

所有医护人员在医院上班时必须穿工作服。

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Compulsory 常出现在教育，工作或公司运营等类似的语境中，比如：compulsory education 义务教育，compulsory military service 义务兵役。接下来我们来看看 mandatory 这个词，作为形容词的时候，它通常指因为有法律或条款规定，是“必须履行的，是法定的，是有约束力的”。请听例句。

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Wearing helmets is mandatory for all cyclists.

所有骑自行车的人都必须戴头盔。

It’s mandatory to submit your income details with your mortgage application.

在申请房贷时，收入信息是必须填写的。

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另外，mandatory 还有许多与法律有关的固定表达，比如：mandatory test 强制性测试，mandatory sentence 法定判决，mandatory retirement age 法定退休年龄等等。请听例句。

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Athletes must undergo mandatory drug tests for the Olympics.

要参加奥运会，运动员必须做药检。

The mandatory retirement age for a man is 65 years old.

男士的法定退休年龄是65岁。

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最后 Lynn 还提到了 compulsive 这个词。这需要单独列出，因为它和法律或者条款都没有关系。它的意思是“强迫性的，极为着迷的，上瘾的”，可以形容难以抑制的冲动。请听例句。

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This new TV series is compulsive viewing.

这部新电视剧真是一部令人上瘾的剧。

He is a compulsive liar. You can’t believe a word he says.

他说谎成性。你根本不能相信他说的话。

She’s going through a phase of compulsive overeating.

她现在处于强迫性暴食的阶段。

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好了，希望今天帮助大家理解了 compulsory，mandatory 和 compulsive 这三个英语单词的含义和区别。我们简单地总结一下 – compulsory 常用于教育，工作，环境等语境中，表示“有义务的，必须做的”。Mandatory 常出现在与法律相关的语境中，表示“法定的”。Compulsive 的意思是“强迫性的，上瘾的”，常用于形容难以抑制的冲动。

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