三、关于香港基本法第一百零四条规定的依法宣誓的法律约束力及其法律责任
The legal effect and responsibility of oath taking in accordance with law prescribed by Article 104 of the Hong Kong Basic Law
宣誓是宣誓人以公开声明的方式对国家和社会作出的庄严承诺,具有法律约束力,违反誓言必须承担相应的法律责任。就香港基本法第一百零四条规定而言,依法宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区,是该条所列公职人员对中华人民共和国及其香港特别行政区的一项法律承诺。宣誓是具有法律效力的法定行为,宣誓人必须真正赞同、真诚信奉誓言要求,并决心遵守誓言,同时也公开表明如果违反誓言,愿意承担相应的法律责任。这是香港基本法第一百零四条的题中应有之义。据此,本解释(草案)第三条规定:“《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第一百零四条所规定的宣誓,是该条所列公职人员对中华人民共和国及其香港特别行政区作出的法律承诺,具有法律约束力。宣誓人必须真诚信奉并严格遵守法定誓言。宣誓人作虚假宣誓或者在宣誓之后从事违反誓言行为的,依法承担法律责任。”
The taking of the oath is a solemn pledge made by an oath taker to his or her country and society in the form of an open declaration. It is legally binding, and a person who breaches the oath must bear corresponding legal responsibility. In relation to the requirement of Article 104 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, taking an oath in accordance with law to uphold the Hong Kong Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, and to bear allegiance to the HKSAR of the People’s Republic of China, is a legal pledge made by public officers specified in that Article to the People’ s Republic of China, and its HKSAR. The taking of the oath is an act required by law which has legal effect. An oath taker must truly agree with, and sincerely believe in the requirements of the oath, he or she must also be determined to abide by the oath; and at the same time openly declare that if there is a breach of oath, he or she is willing to bear the corresponding legal responsibility. This is inherent in Article 104 of the Hong Kong Basic Law. On this basis, Article 3 of the Draft Interpretation stipulates, “The taking of the oath stipulated by Article 104 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China is a legal pledge made by the public officers specified in the Article to the People’s Republic of China and its Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and is legally binding. The oath taker must sincerely believe in and strictly abide by the relevant oath prescribed by law. An oath taker who makes a false oath, or, who, after taking the oath, engages in conduct in breach of the oath, shall bear legal responsibility in accordance with law.”
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