D. The cause is not explained.

　　C

　　One of the first words I learned in Chinese, as it would be in any language I learned to speak, was thank you, or xiexie. I wanted the people in my new home to think I was polite. However, I soon learned that it wasn’t that simple.

　　Early on, I noticed that people seemed confused(困惑的) by me saying “xiexie”, as if it wasn’t necessary or normal. They looked in the same way to my use of “qing” and the way I would soften my requests, as in the British way of saying, “Could you pass me the salt?” instead of “Give me the salt!”

　　I was very confused until I realized that I was being too formal(正式的) between the person I was talking to and myself. My Chinese friends told me that using “please” actually had the opposite(相反的) effect of politeness – it hurts the building-up of close relationship.

　　But this makes things difficult for those with British manners, as saying “please” and “thank you” is something we learn from a very young age.

　　Deborah Fallows described the way a Westerner sees China as a strange mixture(混合) of politeness and rudeness in The Atlantic: “A person will pour tea or beer for everyone else before even considering pouring his own. But then another will announce ‘Gei wo yan!’, that is, ‘Give me salt!’, with no sign of a please or thank you involved.”

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