我们不妨再来欣赏一段文字,这是由ETS提供的、他们非常肯定的“外国学生的优秀作文。事实上这段文字就严格遵循了我们刚才提到的格式,和“新三的课文实在有异曲同工之妙:“Parents are the best teachers of their children.They teachtheir children to utter sounds when they are babies.They coachthem hand in hand for walking.When their children begin formaleducation,parents tutor them in their homework.Apart from this,parents direct their children’s moral;they instruct and show theirchildren what is right and what is wrong,which is not effectivelytaught at school.很显然,主旨句加上实例支持,不仅使结构清晰明了,更使读者读来倍觉有趣,产生认同感,完全符合西方人的表达习惯。
二、“新三向我们展示了论证的严密性和逻辑性
对于这一点,我们不妨还是用一个实例来证明。“住在乡村好还是住在城市好是大学非常熟悉的、也是饶有趣味的一个话题。“新三 的第41课讨论的正是这个话题,叫“宁静田园生活的遐想(Illusions of Pastoral peace)。文章开篇作者直抒胸臆,说“宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我(The puiet life of the country has never appealed to me.)。然而,作者没有就这个观点马上展开论证,而是先肯定一个事实:“我的许多朋友都住在城市, 但他们只要一提起乡村,马上就会变得欣喜若狂(Most of my friends live in the city,yetthey always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.)。接下来作者就站在这部分人的角度,描述了住在乡村的好处:“友好的农民,洁净的空气,贴近大自然的环境和悠闲的生活节奏 (the friendly people,the clean atmosphere,thecloseness to nature and the gentle pace of living),当然,还有乡村无与伦比的美景———“凌晨雄鸡的第一声啼叫, 黎明时分小鸟的叽喳欢歌,冉冉升起的朝阳给树木和牧草镀上了一层金光 (the first cockcrow,the twittering of birds at dawn,thesight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures)。正当读者跟随作者一起陶醉在乡村生活中的时候, 出人意料地,作者很尖锐地提出了乡村生活若干致命的不足:第一,缺乏娱乐, 只有“在电视机前度过漫长寂寞的冬夜(the long andfriendless winter evenings in front of the TV———virtually the onlyform of entertainment)。第二,“商店货物品种单调(the poorselection of goods in the shops)。第三,为了赶往城里上班,住在乡村的人必须“每天在路上奔波四个小时 (people whohave to travel from the country to the city every day to get towork...a four-hour journey each day)。读到这里,显然,“一语惊醒梦中人,乡下生活那一点点乐趣已被无情地摧毁了。所以作者话锋一转,指出,“城市可以为你提供生活中最美好的东西 (...you will find the city can provide you with the best thatlife can offer.):首先,朋友都住在附近,“你去看朋友不用跋涉好几英里 (You never have to travel miles to see youfriends.)。其次,文化生活丰富,“坐公共汽车几站路,就可以看到最新的展览,电影,戏剧(The latest exhibitions,films orplays are only a short bus ride away.)。再者,不容质疑,城里的物品品种繁多, “ 从来不必用二等品来凑合 (There is somuch variety that you never have to make do with second best.)。还有一点, 乡村虽有风光,“城市也并非没有良辰美景(Noris the city without its moments of beauty.),“寒冷潮湿的冬夜里广告灯箱发出的暖光(the warm glow shed by advertisementson cold wet winter nights), “ 周末空旷街市笼罩着的宁静气氛 (the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends),都使城市更加地旖旎多姿。
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