① Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin believed that the main reason for the formation of species and their adaptability and diversity was natural selection, and that organisms were constantly changing in order to adapt to the natural environment and compete with each other. The variation suitable for survival is strengthened by heredity, and on the contrary, it is eliminated. Summed up is: natural selection, survival of the fittest, survival of the fittest. Darwin's theory laid the foundation of evolutionary biology. He also applied the theory of evolution to the thinking of human development, clarified the position of human beings in the animal kingdom and the basis for the evolution of animals, and came to the conclusion that human beings originated from ancient apes. In the origin of species, Darwin put forward the theory that human beings originated from ancient apes, which was gradually accepted by the scientific community after a fierce academic and religious upheaval and debate. In the later years, paleontologists formed the theory of modern human origin on the basis of Darwin's theory through the study of fossil paleontology. They believe that human beings evolved from the ancient apes through millions of years of alternation. This theory finds evidence from other disciplines, such as embryology, comparative anatomy, modern biology and biochemistry. On the basis of these evidences, it is speculated that the general pattern of biological evolution on earth is: invertebrate vertebrate mammal primate ape human. Marx appreciated Darwin's theory of evolution and thought that labor played a decisive role in the evolution from ape to man. Darwin's theory of evolution recognizes that matter is primary and consciousness is secondary. Furthermore, it negates the theory of "creationism".
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