因为月球的自转周期和它的公转周期是完全一样的,我们只能看见月球永远用同一面向着地球。自月球形成早期,月球便一直受到一个力矩的影响引致自转速度减慢,这个过程称为潮汐锁定。亦因此,部分地球自转的角动量转变为月球绕地公转的角动量,其结果是月球以每年约38毫米的速度远离地球。同时地球的自转越来越慢,一天的长度每年变长15微秒。
Because the rotation period of the moon is exactly the same as its rotation period, we can only see that the moon always faces the earth in the same direction. Since the early days of the formation of the moon, the moon has been affected by a moment that slows down its rotation, a process called tidal locking. As a result, the angular momentum of part of the earth's rotation is transformed into the angular momentum of the moon's revolution around the earth. As a result, the moon is away from the earth at a speed of about 38 mm per year. At the same time, the earth's rotation is becoming slower and slower, and the length of a day is increasing by 15 microseconds every year.
月球对地球所施的引力是潮汐现象的起因之一。月球围绕地球的轨道为同步轨道,所谓的同步自转并非严格。由于月球轨道为椭圆形,当月球处于近日点时,它的自转速度便追不上公转速度,因此我们可见月面东部达东经98度的地区,相反,当月处于远日点时,自转速度比公转速度快,因此我们可见月面西部达西经98度的地区。这种现象称为天秤动。又由于月球轨道倾斜于地球赤道,因此月球在星空中移动时,极区会作约7度的晃动,这种现象称为天秤动。再者,由于月球距离地球只有60地球半径之遥,若观测者从月出观测至月落,观测点便有了一个地球直径的位移,可多见月面经度1度的地区。这种现象称为天秤动。
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