There is almost no atmosphere on the moon, so the temperature difference between day and night on the moon is very large. In the daytime, the temperature is as high as 127 ℃ in the place where the sun shines vertically; at night, the temperature can be as low as - 183 ℃. Due to the absence of atmospheric barrier, the intensity of sunlight on the moon is about 1 / 3 stronger than that on the earth, and the intensity of ultraviolet is much stronger than that on the earth. Due to the lack of atmosphere on the moon, many strange phenomena can be seen on the surface of the moon, such as the dark sky on the moon, the straight sunlight, the bright place where the sun shines, and the dark place where it can't. Therefore, the surface of the moon is bright and dark. Since there is no air to scatter light, the stars on the moon no longer seem to twinkle.
月面上到处是裸露的岩石和环形山的侧影。整个月面覆盖着一层碎石粒和浮土。从地球上看到的月球表面有明亮的区域和暗灰色部分。原来明亮的部分是月球表面的山区和高地,暗灰色部分是月球表面的平原月球在绕地球运动的过程中,还要跟着地球一起绕太阳运动。这就是说,月球绕地球运动一周后,再回到的空间位置已不是原出发点了。由此可见,月球在运动过程中还要参与多种系统的运动。月球的运动和其他天体一样,月球也处于永恒的运动之中。月球除东升西落外,它每天还相对于恒星自西向东平均移动13°多,因此,月亮每天升起来的时间,都比前一天约迟50分钟。月亮的东升西落是地球自转的反映;而自西向东的移动却是月亮围绕地球公转的结果。月亮绕地球公转一周叫做一个“恒星月”,平均是27天7小时43分11秒。月亮绕地球公转的同时,它本身也在自转。月亮的自转周期和公转周期是相等的,即1:1,月球绕地球一周的时间为也就是它自转的周期。
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