相对于孔子的“君子”学说,孟子给中国传统文化人格增添了一个意义深远的概念:大丈夫。“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫。”丈夫者,男子汉也;大者,巍巍乎崇高也,“充实而有光辉之谓大”。一怒而天下惧并非真正的大丈夫,蛮勇斗狠、奸诈残忍、蝇营狗苟、见利忘义之徒更难望大丈夫项背。真正的大丈夫是光明磊落的人,是意志坚定的人,是富有仁德的人,是胸怀宽广的人。大丈夫人格的获得,孟子有一秘诀:善养浩然之气。何谓“浩然之气”?他说这种“气”“至大至刚,以直养而无害,则塞于天地之间”。这是一种崇高刚强的正气,一种不可势压利诱的骨气,一种超迈雄放的豪气,一种无所畏惧的勇气,一种宏毅坚定的志气。孟子这一特点,是他的精神导师孔子所不及的。宋代理学家朱熹说:“孟子有些英气。”近人林语堂说:“我们读孟子,可使顽夫廉,懦夫有立志。”
Compared with Confucius' theory of "gentleman", Mencius has added a far-reaching concept to Chinese traditional cultural personality: big husband. "A man is a man who is rich and noble, poor and humble, powerful and unyielding." A husband is a man, and a great man is a great man. A man who is fierce, treacherous and cruel is not a real man. It is more difficult for a man who is brave and ruthless, treacherous and ruthless, reckless and selfless. A real man is an open and aboveboard man, a man of firm will, a man of benevolence and virtue, and a man of broad mind. Mencius has a secret to acquire the personality of a great husband: to be good at cultivating noble spirit. What is "noble spirit"? He said that this kind of "Qi" is "the most important and rigid. If it is kept directly and harmless, it will be put between heaven and earth". This is a kind of noble and strong righteousness, a kind of bone spirit that can not be suppressed and lured by potential, a kind of heroic spirit that surpasses maixiong, a kind of fearless courage, a kind of great and resolute ambition. This characteristic of Mencius is beyond his spiritual mentor Confucius. Zhu Xi, an agent scholar of the Song Dynasty, said, "Mencius has some heroism." Lin Yutang, a modern man, said, "when we read Mencius, we can make stubborn men honest and cowards determined."
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