协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。构成时态和语态。 助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译。
一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时)
这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态,形式为:have /has /had + 过去分词如:
She had mentioned this before.
I haven't seen you for ages.
二、be
be本身可作谓语动词,但在进行时中它是助动词,与现在分词搭配使用,缺一不可如:
He's looking for his favorite pet.
She's watching a football match.
此外,be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态
如:The vicar was killed in a car accident.
三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)
此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式如:
Did you meet the manager this morning?
He doesn't feel like smoking at the moment.
四、will, shall, would
此组助动词用于构成将来时如:
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.
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