(4)
A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet著A PracticalEnglish Grammar (第四版) (外语教学与研究出版社 1991年2月第1版)p238:
be afraid of + gerund
Here the gerund usually expresses an aqction which the subject fears may happen. It is normally an involuntary action(这里动名词常常表示主语担心发生的事情。这些常常是无意让发生的事情):
She avoids lonely streets. She is afraid of being mugged. 她避免在没人的马路行走。她怕遭抢劫。
be afraid +infinitive means that the subject is / was etc. too frightened to perform the action. This is obviously a deliberate action(被afraid+不定式表示主语非常害怕,以至不敢采取某一行动。这些通常是有意让发生的动作):
He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。(他没跳。)
(5)
陆谷孙主编《英汉大词典》(第2版) (上海译文出版社2007年3月第1版)p33:
(afraid)后接“of+动名词”结构一般只表示“怕做某事”的意思;如后动词接不定式则侧重表示“因为担心后果严重而不敢也不愿做某事”。如He is not afraid of dying.和 He is afraid to die.两句,虽都可译作“他不怕死。”但前者只是说出一个事实,后者则包含诸如“他心甘情愿地去赴死”之类更近一层的意思;又如She was afraid of waking her husband. 和She was afraid to wake her husband.两句,虽都可译作“她生怕把丈夫弄醒了”,后一句又包含“考虑到可能招惹丈夫发怒的后果而不敢弄醒”之类的意思。
【以a-开头的形容词用法新探 • afraid】相关文章:
★ 副词的用法
★ 主谓倒装的用法
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