省略句的主要表现形式&
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在英语省略中,某些成分被省略后的句子主要有以下几种情形。
一、形式上不留任何痕迹http://
yingyu.
chazidian.
com一般说来,句子中的某些成分被省略后,形式上不保留任何痕迹,只能从意义上来理解。如:
(1) Welcome to our school. 欢迎来我校。
(2) Make yourself at home. 请随便。
二、留下某一个表特征的词1. 如果句子中的不定式被省略,常保留不定式中的小品词
to。如:
(1) —
Will you please go shopping with me this afternoon? 今天下午同我一起去买东西好吗?
—
I’
d like to,
but I have much work to do. 我倒想去,但是我有很多事情要做。
(2) —
Will Mr.
Brown come,
too? 布朗先生回来吗?
—
Yes.
He promised to,
but he doesn’
t turn up yet. 是的。她答应来,但现在还没有到。
但当不定式是
be或动词的完成体时,
be及
have一般不能省略。如:
(1) —
Will Bruce be a player for our team? 布鲁斯将会成为我们队的队员吗?
—
He wants to be,
but we won’
t take him in. 他倒想,而我们不会接受他。
(2) —
Has he finished reading the book? 他把书看完了吗?
—
He hopes to have,
but in fact he reads too slowly. 他倒希望看完了,而事实上她读得太慢了。
2. 从句的谓语部分省略后,从句中的情态动词或助动词保留。如:
(1) He said he would do as much as he could to help us. 他说他要尽一切努力来帮助我们。
(2) When asked to dance,
she said she couldn’
t. 当请她跳舞时,她说她不会。
3. 省略从句时,若从句为否定,则从句中的否定词
not被保留。这样的主句谓语动词有:
think,
believe,
guess,
suppose,
hope,
be afraid,
be sure 及连接副词:
why,
if。如:
(1) —
Do you think he will come to see us? 你认为他回来看我们吗?
—
I think not. 我认为不会。
(2) —
Is it going to rain? 天会下雨吗?
—
I’
m afraid not. 恐怕不会。
(3) —
Can you go to the concert with us this evening? 今天晚上能跟我们一起去听音乐演奏会吗?
—
Why not. 为什么不呢?
三、用一个单词来代替被省略的成分1. 当从句或分句中的谓语动词省略时,有时须加一个助动词
do合适的形式来代替。如
(1) Anyone can’
t break the rules.
If you do,
you will sure be punished. 任何人也不能违反纪律,如果你违反了,你将肯定要受到惩罚。
(2) He was told not to go there alone at night,
but he did. 人们告诉他夜晚不要单独一人去那儿,然而它却去了。
(3) —
Do you like swimming? 你喜欢游泳吗?
—
Yes,
I do. 是的,我喜欢。
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2. 当整个从句被省略时,可用
so来代替。这样的主句谓语动词有:
think,
believe,
guess,
suppose,
hope,
be及疑问副词
why,
how,
if等。如:
(1) —
Do you think the thief will be put into prison? 你认为那个贼会被打入监牢吗?
—
Yes.
I think so. 是的,我认为会。
(2) —
Do you believe that he will come back from abroad? 你认为他会从国外回来吗?
—
Yes.
I believe so. 是的,我认为他会回来。
(3) —
It is said that Mary got her arm broken. 据说玛丽把手臂弄断了。
—
How so. 怎么会这样呢。
(4) —
He must be in the classroom now. 他现在肯定在教室里。
—
If so,
let’
s go to the classroom to see him. 如果她在教室里,我们就去那儿看他吧。
3. 当从句为否定,而整个从句被省略时,可写为don’t…so, 也可只保留从句中的not。这样的主句动词有:think, believe, suppose等。如:(
http://
yingyu.
chazidian.
com)
(1) —
Do you think he will change his idea? 你认为他会改变主意吗?
—
No.
I don’
t think so. 不,我认为他不会。
(2) —
Do you think English is difficult? 你认为英语难学吗?
—
No.
I don’
t think so. 不,我认为不难学。
四、从句中的引导词省略后,主谓倒装在虚拟条件句中含有
were,
should,
had 时,可将
if 省略,同时将
were,
should,
had 提到句首。如:
(1) Were I there,
I would stop him doing that. 要是我在那儿,我就会阻止他那样做。
(2) Had he learnt English,
he would be studying abroad. 要是他以前学过英语,他会正在国外学习。
(3) Should he like swimming,
I couldn’
t stop him. 要是他喜欢游泳,我可阻止他不了。
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