定语从句关系词的用法与选择_高中英语语法

定语从句关系词的用法与选择

定语从句关系词的用法与选择
 
■关系词的用法
关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有 that">that, who">who">who">who, who">whom">who">whom, who">whose">who">whose, which">which">which">which">which">which">which">which, as 等，其中who">who和who">whom 只用于指人，which">which">which">which和as 只用于指事物，who">whose和 that">that既可于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语；关系副词主要有when">when, where">where 和why">why">why">why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why">why">why">why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语：
A plane is a machine that">that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞行的机器。(that">that指物，在从句中用作主语)http://yingyu.chazidian.com
I have forgotten everything that">that I learnt at school. 我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。(that">that指物，在从句中句作宾语)
The man who">who lives in that">that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。(who">who指人，在从句中作主语)
The house who">whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗户的那座房子是空的。(who">whose指物，在从句中作定语)
There are some students who">whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。(who">whose指人，在从句中作定语)
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。(as指人，在从句作表语)
 
■关系词的选择
 选择关系词可考虑以下四点：
(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who">who或who">whom，指人时通常不用which">which">which">which等)。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用who">whose，有时也用which">which">which">which；作状语要用when, where, why">why">why">why)。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why">why">why">why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。
(4) 四看文体，即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体，是书面语体还是口语体。
 

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