二、句子之间的逻辑关系要抓住。
在了解了句子结构的基础之上,句子内部以及句子之间的逻辑关系也是非常重要的。常见的逻辑关系有,1,转折:but, however, yet 转折关系重在强调转折单词之后的内容。2,让步:although,though,even though,even if,despite,in spite of,nevertheless。让步关系出现在句中时,强调的是后半句,前半句被弱化。 3,比较对比:more/less than, most, asas , while, whereas。尤其注意对比种可能多个逻辑关系词柔和在一起,如既有whereas的对比,又有morethan的比较。4,条件:if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as。 5,因果: because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, thereby, consequently, accordingly, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B等等。在因果关系中要注意区分谁是结果,谁是原因。
在熟悉掌握句子的修饰成分和逻辑关系之后,遇到长难句时,阅读句子将不再是一个个单词的累积,而是意群的组合。这样清楚地划分出句子主干后,理解起来将会容易得多。例如:TPO15考察的句子简化题。In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. 就可以拆分为:In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels( carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels( carrying warm blood from the body )to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.句子逻辑关系词为thus,因此是因果关系,且前因后果。carrying cooled blood from the flippers和carrying warm blood from the body两个均为分词短语做后置定语限定修饰前面的blood vessels,这两个修饰成分搞清楚,句子结构就明朗了。即,在逆流的交换体系里,从鳍中流入的带着冷血的血管与中从身体里流出的带着暖血的血管紧密排列,因此,热量就可以在到达鳍之前,从流出的血管转移到了流入的血管中。
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