Passage 1
tickling and laughter
关于挠痒痒与笑的,有讲到几个人的观点,其中有达尔文。主要提到人们对痒不同的敏感度,痒的身体部位区别以及原因等。。。
Laughter is physiologically spasmodic, rhythmic, vocalized, expiratory, and involuntary. Stearns discusses in some detail the neural pathways of the tickle-laughter reflex arc. Regarding the structure of tickling, Stearns defers to Houssay, who ``contends that is due to `simultaneous excitation of both touch and pain receptors... because tickling cannot be produced after section of the spinothalamic tract ; also, tickling cannot be provoked when the circulation of an extremity is arrested, which first eliminates the sensation of touch, and with it the tickling sensation. The pain sensation is eliminated later. In short, tickling involves simultaneous sensation of touch and of pain. This is perfectly isomorphic to the elements N and V of the present theory of humor.
Pain, after all, is a violation of physical integrity and comfort; these are principles which we certainly care about quite viscerally. Pain is essentially a sensory representation of a violation of ones bodys natural order. It represents V, a violation of moral principle, reduced to the level of a physiological response to a physical stimulus. Touch sensations, on the other hand, provide an internal representation of the external, touched stimulus for the organism to process. This representation of the stimulus is painless by itself; it is a representation of a normal contact with a stimulus, N.
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