1. D
See Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...
2. C
See Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moores company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.
3. F
See Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.
4. E
See Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller or small that they can go inside the chip.
5. B
See Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBMs research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.
6. TRUE
See Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.
7. FALSE
See Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?
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