2. Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.
分析:Along with them 状 goes 谓 social 定 mobility,主 ambition 主 to rise in the 定 urban world,a main factor 同位语 in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 定
要点 这是一个完全倒装句,主语是social mobilitycentury,谓语动词是goes.ambition to rise in the urban world 是对 social mobility的进一步说明。a main factor在意思上相当于which is a main factor incentury,修饰 ambition to world.本句可按原文顺序翻译。
译文 伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性,人们强烈地希望在城市里发展,这是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。
3. For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
要点 句中had he grown up 是虚拟条件中省略if的倒装结构。翻译时,要把if的含义译出。主句为并列谓语 compensate , and tell结构。句中how引导宾语从句。虚拟条件句为宾语从句的状语。根据汉语的表达习惯,条件状语常前置。
译文 例如,它们并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大的才干。
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