在这一段中,大家能够通过前几句总结出三层含义:1. 人们普遍认为财富的增长会促进私家车的使用;2. 欧洲城市的例子反驳了这一观点;3. 欧洲城市比美国城市富裕,但是在欧洲城市,车辆的使用并没有像美国城市一样多。于是这一段给大家造成了总结主旨的困难。其实,如果大家看到以上三句话之间的联系,就能体会到本段的主旨在于反驳第一句话的含义,后面的内容都是用对比的方式来反驳第一句话,这样,这一段看似分开的含义就集中在一起了。
例2,MAKETE INTEGRATED RURAL TRANSPORT PROJECT,E段:
It would have been easy to criticize the MIRTP for using in the early phases a top-down approach, in which decisions were made by experts and officials before being handed down to communities, but it was necessary to start the process from the level of the governmental authorities of the district. It would have been difficult to respond to the requests of villagers and other rural inhabitants without the support and understanding of district authorities.
这个段落中,首句的前半句旨在说明top-down approach是被批评的,而后半句的转折告诉我们信息:从地区政府向下推进和实施的方法是有必要的,因此,我们看到这个段落在强调转折后的内容,作者的主旨在于说明应该以政府为起点向下进行。
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