At times, the rewards were concealed（11） under the same object they were hidden beneath previously, whose place had changed. A feature-based strategy would best find these coveted items.

　　At other times, the rewards were hidden at the same place they were concealed before, but under a different object. A place-based strategy would best discover these items.

　　When human infants are a year old, they favor place-based strategies like all the other great ape species do. This suggests human and ape brains start out the same, at least when it comes to remembering where things are. The most recent common ancestors between humans and all the other great apes date back to about 15 million years ago, suggesting this common preference has been part of our brain structures since at least then.

　　However, three-year-old children preferred a feature-based strategy. The researchers noted this shift in strategy coincided with a period when humans are first drawn into social life and acquire skills such as spoken language.

　　1. tactics：战术、策略

　　2. gear：齿轮

　　3. embark：登上

　　4. rig：操纵

　　5. toad：癞蛤蟆

　　6. orangutans：猩猩，一种大型的树栖类人猿，产于波罗门和苏门答腊，有稀疏的红棕毛皮、很长的臂且无尾

　　7. gorilla：大猩猩，栖居在赤道非洲的最大的类人猿，体型粗壮，头发很粗，呈深棕色或黑色

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