例1.剑桥6/Test3/Reading Passage3/Q38-40

　　原文：

　　Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP , the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed severalexplanationsfor why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging.Onepossibility relates to the ATP-making machinerysemission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage.Anotherhypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode thatemphasizes preservationof the organism over such luxuries as growth and reproduction.

　　Complete the flow-chart below.

　　How a caloric-restriction mimetic works

　　CR mimeticless 38 is processedproduction of ATP is decreasedTheory 1: cells less damaged by disease because fewer 39 are emitted Theory 2: cells focus on 40 because food is in short supply

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