4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候,才使用被动语态。例如:
In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfathers family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是忙碌的家庭-my grandfathers family,而使用了被动语态后,仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态,相对来说更简洁一些:
In the fall, my grandfathers family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语,例如下面这句话:
My grandfather didnt have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达,即loiter:
My grandfather didnt have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达,例如:
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子:
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
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