雅思阅读涉及语篇主旨的主要题型是List of Headings(选配段落标题),考查对文章中各段中心思想的把握。答题可利用最有可能是主题句的首次尾中句分别与标题选项逐一对应,选配最佳答案。而在段落没有主题句的情况下,则可以通过分析语篇的主位推进模式,了解其信息结构和分布动态,把握作者的思路流程或序列,并结合该题型的命题特点,重点关注主、述位信息链条上的逻辑关系切换、信息衔接上的重复(或强调)等环节,从而准确地解读作者在语篇中要表达的主要意思。而对于Summary(摘要题),题干语篇的主位推进模式也会为答案的语意预判提供一定的线索。已有学者对中外学术期刊文章摘要的主位推进模式做过分析统计,结果是派生型居多。而笔者对雅思摘要题题干的分析统计表明,其主位推进模式以延续型、集中型和平衡型为主。
例1.剑桥5/Test3/Reading Passage2/Q15 Paragraph D
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings.
Paragraph D(共4个句子:S1-S4)
Once north of Cairo,[复项主位T1]‖most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta[述位R1].The water in the irrigation canals[单项主位T2(=R1)]‖is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry sediment, Stanley explains[述位R2].The sediment[单项主位T3(=R2)]‖sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the outer edges of the delta[述位R3].So very little of it[复项主位T4(=T3)]‖actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents[述位R4].
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