一、冠词原则
冠词原则是指:在填空题的空格前,若有冠词,则在答案对应的名词前也极有可能有一个冠词。以C5T1P1为例,第5题Johnson did not have a 5 available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words注意到空格前有冠词a,利用定位词40,000定位至文章原文filling about eighty large notebooks , Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words可观察到只有library与definitions两个词前有冠词,而能冠以a的则只有library,成功定位答案。注意冠词原则并非指冠词一定要完全匹配,而仅仅是要求答案前必须要有一个冠词,至于是否与题中冠词一致则不确定。以C7T1P1为例,第13题The word echolocation was first used by someone working as a. 以带引号词 echolocation 为定位词定位至文章中句子The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term echolocation to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments. 可以发现这里的冠词并不一致。在现有的资料中,冠词原则几乎接近真理:在剑桥雅思系列中,只有剑5上1题、剑8上3题、剑9上1题不符合冠词原则。从机经来看,现行考题题库中也有大量完全符合冠词原则的案例。
二、介词原则
与冠词原则类似,介词原则是指:在空格前或空格后若有介词,则在对应原文的答案前后也很可能有介词。与冠词原则类似,介词原则也不要求介词一定要一致。以C4T3P3为例,第37题A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37 .利用定位词linguist和corpus定位至原文语句A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers,找到名词前的介词about,因此定位答案frequency of usage。介词原则的适用性比冠词原则要弱。在空格前出现了介词的填空题中,约有70%左右的题目符合介词原则。这主要是由于考官进行的同义替换造成的。若考官将题中的不及物动词替换为了及物动词,那么介词原则也就不再正确了。
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