九 . 与其它从句混淆
1. This is the house in which he lives.
2. This is the house where he lives.
3. This is where he lives.
4. This is in which he lives.
分析:这四个句子中,前三个句子是对的。第四个句子是错的,因为 in which 不能在此句中引导表语从句。由于 in which 前面缺少先行词,因此也不能认为 in which he lives 是定语从句。
十 . 误用 as 和 which
1. Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.
2. Which we all know, the earth is round.
分析: as 和 which 用来引导定语从句时,它们之间的区别在于:引导定语从句的 as 可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面,而引导定语从句的 which 只能放到主句后面。 as 引导的定语从句表示正像那样,正如。例如: as is often the case (这是常有的事), as we all can see (我们可以看得见), as is known to all (大家都知道), as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那样), as is announced (正如所宣布的那样)。因此句 1 中的 as 应改为 which , which 在意思上指前面整个主句的内容,如果用 as ,无论从意思上看还是搭配上看都不对;句 2 中的 which 应改为 as 。
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