非谓语动词
1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to + 动词原形。
○1 一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
○2 进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
○3 完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)
○4 用法:
A. 作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language .
B. 作表语:The most important thing is to finish the work on time .
C. 作宾语:
a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford )
b. 动词+疑问词+to do I dont know where to put the bike .
c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .
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