②现在分词和动名词同形,但作前置定语时,动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途,例如, .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ;而现在分词作前置定语时,表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如,the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the coming new year=the new year that is coming 。
B.作后置定语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语,而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句:
① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
② The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very important.
③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
辨析比较:上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语,是因为它们存在不同的情况:不定式作定语,表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语,表示动作已完成(已发生)。据此,我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子,这样学生就更容易理解:
①The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
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2016-02-29
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