(二) 关于逻辑主语的问题。-ing形式作状语时,一般情况下,其逻辑主语应与主句的主语保持一致。如:
Comparing all the great people with each other, youll find that they have much in common.
Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.(上海2001,28)
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海2001春,38)
Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001, 35)
分析:前三例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中,having suffered的逻辑主语是the river,并不是主句的主语it.这种用法极为少见,有的语法家称其为垂悬分词,我们在学习中不宜模仿。
(三) -ing形式的否定式。其基本结构是:not + -ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如:
Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom.
(四) -ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。
根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:
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