过去分词短语,由过去分词带头,出现的位置和现在分词相同,如:
⑩ Taken completely by surprise, the enemy gave in.
● Peter, frightened out of his wits, stood rooted to the spot.
● We were sorry to see the dog chained to the tree all day long.
现在分词短语和过去分词短语形式不同,性质也异。前者主动,后者被动。
上述三种形容词短语出现率很高,不可等闲视之 .
最后一种出现率高的名词修饰语,是众所周知的形容词从句。形容词从句由关系代词(the relative pronoun)who, which, that, whose等或关系副词(the relative adverb)where, when, why等引导而出现在被修饰的名词后头;这样的名词叫先行词(the antecedent)。例如:
● Dr Yang is a renowned scientist who specialises in physics.
● The book which deals with translation is Jasons masterpiece.
● Have you read the report on education that came out yesterday?
● David is the new director whose most urgent job is to reorganise the department.
● The writer whom you praised in your review felt greatly grateful for your admiration.
● This is the university where I studied 30 years ago.
● Gone are the days when people could live happily without the stresses and strains of a busy life.
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