在⑤和⑥里,原来的主语不重要,所以在被动句中被省略了。在 ⑦里,我们看到两个宾语,一个是直接宾语(direct object)a photo,另一个是间接宾语(indirect object)John。直接宾语一定是事物;间接宾语就是人物。
这样的主动语态,有两种变法。除了John was given a photo by Anne之外,另一个方法是A photo was given to John by Anne.
在日常英语用途上,直接语态比间接语态用得多。但在下列情况中,则应采用被动语态:
㈠主语不详,如:
① A puppy was knocked down.
② Actions must be taken to improve the economic situation.
㈡突出宾语,如:
③ The gangster was sent to prison.
④ Two eye witnesses have been questioned.
⑤ All good students will be rewarded.
㈢不方便提到主语,如:
⑥ Some students are said to be often late for class.
⑦ The name of the suspect has been submitted to the police.
㈣动词习惯以被动式出现,如:
⑧ You are expected to work hard from now on.
⑨ The last train is scheduled to leave at 10p.m.
⑩ All loyal citizens are supposed to defend their country.
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