1)on + ing 形式:一般将介词on + -ing形式理解为分词(要有行为主体)而不是动名词,意为 当时,一就,相当于when 或as soon as,例如:
On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一听到这个消息,她一下子哭了起来。)
错:On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京,就开始下起大雨来了。)
由于句子的主语it并不是arriving的行为主体,该句语法不成立。可以改为:
No sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.
2) with (without) + 分词独立主格结构
She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她开着灯谁着了。)
Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered with mud and sweat.(孩子们几乎每天回家时手上脸上都是泥和汗。)
当这样的独立主格结构中的动词为 be 动词时,往往省略,例如:
Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天,这位老教师夹着个破包走进教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)
关于-ing和-ed形容词
当一个动词后面加上-ing或-ed就可以是一个形容词,其基本概念还是-ing为主动语态,-ed为被动语态,例如:a sleeping child (一个正在睡觉的孩子),a wounded soldier (一个受伤的战士) .
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